eCos Reference Manual
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# The HAL Port

## Name

HAL Port -- Implementation Details

## Overview

This documentation explains how the eCos HAL specification has been mapped onto the IXDP425 hardware, and should be read in conjunction with that specification. The IXDP425 platform HAL package complements the ARM architectural HAL, the XScale variant HAL and the IXP425 processor HAL. It provides functionality which is specific to the target board.

## Startup

Following a hard or soft reset, the HAL will initialize or reinitialize most of the on-chip peripherals. There is an exception for RAM startup applications which depend on a ROM monitor for certain services.

For ROM or ROMRAM startup, the HAL will perform additional initialization, setting up the external RAM and programming the various internal registers. This is all done in the `PLATFORM_SETUP1` macro in the assembler header file `hal_platform_setup.h`.

## LED Codes

Unless the Compact Flash IDE configuration option is selected, RedBoot uses the 4 digit LED display to indicate status during board initialization. Possible codes are:

LED Actions
-------------------------------------------------------------
Power-On/Reset
Set the CPSR
Enable coprocessor access
Drain write and fill buffer
Setup expansion bus chip selects
1001
Enable Icache
1002
Initialize SDRAM controller
1003
Switch flash (CS0) from 0x00000000 to 0x50000000
1004
Copy MMU table to RAM
1005
Setup TTB and domain permissions
1006
Enable MMU
1007
Enable DCache
1008
Enable branch target buffer
1009
Drain write and fill buffer
Flush caches
100A
Start up the eCos kernel or RedBoot
0001

## Linker Scripts and Memory Maps

The platform HAL package provides the memory layout information needed to generate the linker script. The key memory locations are as follows:

Flash

  This is located at address 0x50000000 of the physical memory space. At initialization, the HAL uses the MMU to retain it at virtual address 0x50000000, while also providing an uncached mapping at 0xB0000000 and a data coherent mapping at 0xA0000000.

SDRAM

  This is located at address 0x00000000 of the physical memory space. The HAL uses the MMU to retain this at virtual address 0x00000000, along with an alias at 0x10000000. The same memory is also accessible uncached at virtual location 0x20000000 for use by devices, and at 0x30000000 for data coherent access. The first 32 bytes are used for hardware exception vectors. The next 32 bytes are used for the VSR table and the next 256 bytes are normally used for the eCos virtual vectors, allowing RAM-based applications to use services provided by the ROM monitor. Memory is required for the MMU tables, and must be aligned on a 16Kbyte boundary. These therefore occupy memory from 0x4000 to 0x8000. For ROM/ROMRAM startup, all remaining SDRAM is available. For RAM startup, available RAM starts at virtual location 0x00080000, with the bottom 512 kilobytes reserved for use by RedBoot.

On-chip Peripheral Registers

  There are several regions in the memory map devoted to on-chip peripherals or on-chip device controllers. When the MMU is enabled, all these regions are set up with a direct, uncached and unbuffered mapping so that these registers remain accessible at their physical locations.

  As such, the address space for the AHB Queue Manager (AQM) resides at 0x60000000; the PCI controller resides at 0xC0000000; the expansion bus controller configuration registers reside at 0xC4000000; the SDRAM controller configuration registers resides at 0xCC000000; and all remaining IXP425 on-chip peripherals reside in the block at 0xC8000000. This latter block includes peripheral control for on-chip high-speed and console UARTs, internal bus performance monitoring unit, interrupt controller, GPIO controller, timers, WAN/Voice and Ethernet NPEs, Ethernet MACs, and the USB controller.

Off-chip Peripherals

  RedBoot and eCos access the SDRAM, parallel NOR flash, and hex display on CS2 (mapped to 0x52000000). In addition a CompactFlash True IDE mode disk may be accessed via the expansion bus on CS1/CS2 (0x51000000/0x52000000), although the hex display is not usable in that case.

  In addition a 64MiB PCI window is mapped to 0x48000000, for communication with devices on the PCI bus.

  RedBoot and eCos do not currently make any use of any other off-chip peripherals present on the IXDP425 board.

### Memory map summary

The virtual memory maps in this section use a C, B, and X column to indicate the caching policy for the region.

    X C B  Description
    - - -  ---------------------------------------------
    0 0 0  Uncached/Unbuffered
    0 0 1  Uncached/Buffered
    0 1 0  Cached/Buffered    Write Through, Read Allocate
    0 1 1  Cached/Buffered    Write Back, Read Allocate
    1 0 0  Invalid - not used
    1 0 1  Uncached/Buffered  No write buffer coalescing
    1 1 0  Mini DCache - Policy set by Aux Ctl Register
    1 1 1  Cached/Buffered    Write Back, Read/Write Allocate

    Virtual Address   Physical Address  XCB  Size (MB)  Description
       0x00000000       0x00000000      010     256     SDRAM (cached)
       0x10000000       0x00000000      010     256     SDRAM (alias)
       0x20000000       0x00000000      000     256     SDRAM (uncached)
       0x30000000       0x00000000      010     256     SDRAM (cached, DC)
       0x48000000       0x48000000      000      64     PCI Data
       0x50000000       0x50000000      010      16     Flash (CS0, cached)
       0x51000000       0x51000000      000      16     CF True IDE mode chip select #0 (CS1)
       0x52000000       0x52000000      000      16     Hex display/CF True IDE mode chip select #1 (CS2)
       0x53000000       0x53000000      000      80     CS3 - CS7
       0x60000000       0x60000000      000      64     Queue Manager
       0xA0000000       0x50000000      010      16     Flash (CS0, cached, DC)
       0xB0000000       0x50000000      000      16     Flash (CS0, uncached)
       0xC0000000       0xC0000000      000       1     PCI Controller
       0xC4000000       0xC4000000      000       1     Exp. Bus Config
       0xC8000000       0xC8000000      000       1     Misc IXP425 IO
       0xCC000000       0xCC000000      000       1     SDRAM Config

## Other Issues

The IXDP425 platform HAL does not affect the implementation of other parts of the eCos HAL specification. The XScale variant HAL, the IXP4xx processor HAL documentation and the ARM architectural HAL documentation should be consulted for further details.

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