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# byteorder

    BYTEORDER(3)             BSD Library Functions Manual             BYTEORDER(3)

    NAME
         htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs, htobe32, htobe16, betoh32, betoh16, htole32,
         htole16, letoh32, letoh16, swap32, swap16 - convert values between dif-
         ferent byte orderings

    SYNOPSIS
         #include <sys/types.h>
         #include <machine/endian.h>

         u_int32_t
         htonl(u_int32_t host32);

         u_int16_t
         htons(u_int16_t host16);

         u_int32_t
         ntohl(u_int32_t net32);

         u_int16_t
         ntohs(u_int16_t net16);

         u_int32_t
         htobe32(u_int32_t host32);

         u_int16_t
         htobe16(u_int16_t host16);

         u_int32_t
         betoh32(u_int32_t big32);

         u_int16_t
         betoh16(u_int16_t big16);

         u_int32_t
         htole32(u_int32_t host32);

         u_int16_t
         htole16(u_int16_t host16);

         u_int32_t
         letoh32(u_int32_t little32);

         u_int16_t
         letoh16(u_int16_t little16);

         u_int32_t
         swap32(u_int32_t val32);

         u_int16_t
         swap16(u_int16_t val16);

    DESCRIPTION
         These routines convert 16- and 32-bit quantities between different byte
         orderings.  The ``swap'' functions reverse the byte ordering of the given
         quantity, the others converts either from/to the native byte order used
         by the host to/from either little- or big-endian (a.k.a network) order.

         Apart from the swap functions, the names can be described by this form:
         {src-order}to{dst-order}{size}.  Both {src-order} and {dst-order} can
         take the following forms:

               h    Host order.
               n    Network order (big-endian).
               be   Big-endian (most significant byte first).
               le   Little-endian (least significant byte first).

         One of the specified orderings must be 'h'.  {size} will take these
         forms:

               l  Long (32-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving 'n').
               s  Short (16-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving 'n').
               16
                  16-bit.
               32
                  32-bit.

         The swap functions are of the form: swap{size}.

         Names involving 'n' convert quantities between network byte order and
         host byte order.  The last letter ('s' or 'l') is a mnemonic for the tra-
         ditional names for such quantities, short and long, respectively.  Today,
         the C concept of short and long integers need not coincide with this tra-
         ditional misunderstanding.  On machines which have a byte order which is
         the same as the network order, routines are defined as null macros.

         The functions involving either ``be'', ``le'', or ``swap'' use the num-
         bers 16 and 32 for specifying the bitwidth of the quantities they operate
         on.  Currently all supported architectures are either big- or little-
         endian so either the ``be'' or ``le'' variants are implemented as null
         macros.

         The routines mentioned above which have either {src-order} or {dst-order}
         set to 'n' are most often used in conjunction with Internet addresses and
         ports as returned by gethostbyname(3) and getservent(3).

    SEE ALSO
         gethostbyname(3), getservent(3)

    HISTORY
         The byteorder functions appeared in 4.2BSD.

    BUGS
         On the vax, alpha, i386, and so far mips, bytes are handled backwards
         from most everyone else in the world.  This is not expected to be fixed
         in the near future.

    BSD                              June 4, 1993                              BSD

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