What you’ll learn in this article:
- How safety and efficiency play key roles in semiconductor manufacturing
- Why gas detection is essential to semiconductor plants
- The importance of real-time monitoring solutions to prevent hazards
In the intricate world of semiconductor manufacturing, safety and efficiency are paramount. The use of gases is prevalent throughout semiconductor manufacturing plants and plays key roles in the many steps of transforming a blank wafer into the finished semiconductor product. From the fab and sub-fab, to the exhaust systems and control centers, implementing the proper gas detection solutions is critical to establishing a safe environment and running an efficient plant.
The Fab
The fab, or fabrication area, is the heart of a semiconductor manufacturing plant. It is where the actual production of semiconductor devices takes place; where blank silicon wafers are transformed into incredible technological devices. Silicon wafers are exposed to various gases, such as silane, ammonia, and hydrogen, in many steps of the process.
- Chemical Vapor Disposition (CVD): Reactive gases such as silane (SiH₄), ammonia (NH₃), and dichlorosilane (SiH₂Cl₂) form the chemical precursors that react on the wafer surface to form the desired film.
- Doping: Gases like diborane (B₂H₆) and phosphine (PH₃) are commonly applied during ion implantation or diffusion processes for precise chemical doping.
- Oxidation: Oxidizing gases, such as oxygen (O2), are used to grow oxide layers over the wafer.
- Purging & Inert Atmosphere: Inert gases like nitrogen (N2), argon (Ar), and helium (He) are used extensively to purge equipment, prevent contamination by moisture or oxygen, and maintain controlled atmospheres essential for manufacturing precision.
While essential, these gases can pose significant hazards if not properly monitored. Real-time gas detection and monitoring solutions are crucial components of the Fab to safeguard personnel and maintain the integrity of the manufacturing process. With continuous gas monitoring, these systems can detect leaks or abnormal concentrations, allowing for immediate action to prevent accidents and maintain a safe working environment.
The Sub-fab
Beneath the fab lies the sub-fab, an area that houses critical mechanical and electrical systems to support the fabrication processes, such as pumps, transformers, gas cabinets, and piping for gases and liquids. The sub-fab is essential for maintaining operational efficiency of the fab, as it provides the necessary infrastructure to support the manufacturing process and cleanroom environment. Sophisticated machinery regulates and manages the flow of toxic and flammable gases to and from the fab and requires constant monitoring to support the safety of personnel and to optimize uptime.
Gas detection systems in the sub-fab are designed to monitor and control gas levels and quickly identify and address any leaks or hazardous conditions.
Exhaust & Abatement Systems
Exhaust systems in semiconductor manufacturing take the by-products and waste from the fab and sub-fab processes and prepare them to be disposed of or dispersed. Due to the many toxic gases and chemicals used in the manufacturing process, the exhaust system is responsible for containing, filtering, and neutralizing before they can be released into the atmosphere using processes such as scrubbing, chemical neutralization, absorption, and burning or oxidizing.
In each of these processes, monitoring the exhaust gases is essential to identify leaks and confirm that emissions meet environmental regulations. Gas detection solutions are integral to the integrity of exhaust systems, as they continuously monitor gas levels and detect any deviations from normal conditions. By doing so, they help prevent potential hazards and make sure that the exhaust systems operate efficiently and effectively.
Communication Areas
Modern-day semiconductor manufacturing plants are intricate mechanisms with dozens of systems, monitors, and devices required to create a seamless operation. A single point of failure can impact multiple steps of the process and require costly downtime to fix. With the help of technology, overall system monitoring can occur from a central location, enabling individuals to quickly identify alerts and issues taking place throughout the fab. Individuals can orchestrate the many processes that take place simultaneously. With proper software integration and communication protocols, all of the many toxic gases can be monitored using sophisticated gas detection solutions.
What to Know About Safety in Semiconductor Manufacturing
Semiconductor manufacturing is a complex process, filled with many intricate processes, equipment, and materials. Many of these processes involve the use of toxic and flammable gases to transform a silicon wafer into a technological masterpiece. A small leak, or incomplete filtration of these gases can stop the manufacturing process in its tracks, costing precious time, and wasting valuable resources. But more importantly, exposure to these gases poses a significant health risk and compromises worker safety. Well-designed gas detection systems are integral to maintaining safety and keeping a fab running smoothly.
Honeywell offers a comprehensive portfolio of gas detection solutions for semiconductor manufacturers, from single-point and multi-point detection to portable devices to system integration solutions.
